A stroke is an interruption of blood flow and oxygen to parts of the brain. Cell death begins once the gray matter in brain cells stops getting enough oxygen and nutrients to survive. Gray matter contains most neuronal cell bodies in the human mind. It manages many functions, such as emotions, muscle control, hearing, decision-making, sensory perceptions, memory, speech, and self-control.

Causes of Brain Strokes

There are two main types and causes of brain strokes in the central nervous system. Sudden blocking of arteries can cause acute ischemic strokes or damage to blood vessels, resulting in bursting or leaks that can cause hemorrhagic strokes and cryptogenic strokes. Over 80-85% of strokes are ischemic, and about 10-15% of strokes are hemorrhagic. Strokes caused by bleeding cause more damage and are more challenging to treat than ischemic. Some patients may have a very short disruption to the brain known as a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or “mini-strokes,” but these types of strokes are not as dangerous and might not cause permanent brain damage.

Stem Cells for Ischemic Strokes

A stroke caused by blockage of the blood vessels that supply blood to our brain is known as an ischemic stroke and is generally the most common type of stroke we treat at the Regeneration Centre. There are two main classifications for ischemic strokes.

• A thrombotic stroke occurs due to blood clots in the thrombus, which forms in the peripheral vascular system arteries that provide blood to the brain. Thrombus blood clots can be caused by multiple factors, including atherosclerosis or plaque build-up in arteries, resulting in reduced blood flow to the brain.
• Embolic strokes occur when debris or a blood clot travels to the brain and gets stuck in the narrow arteries. Blood clots in the brain are called embolus, which usually form in the heart before they travel to the brain.

Acute Ischemic strokes are caused by blood clots or stenosis (narrowing of the blood arteries.) Stenosis is often caused by poor habits that lead to atherosclerosis, causing thick artery walls, hardening, and a loss of elasticity, decreasing blood flow. Other factors include a family history of strokes/genetics,  dementia, atrial fibrillation, heart disease, Congestive heart failure, diabetes, high cholesterol, and Smoking.[1]. DNA tests are now available for genetic predisposition to strokes.

Stem Cells for Hemorrhagic Strokes

A rupture in the blood vessels usually causes a hemorrhagic stroke. Several causes exist, including aneurysms, weak spots on the arterial walls, and Hypertension or High blood pressure. There are two main types of hemorrhagic strokes.

• Intracerebral hemorrhaging occurs when the brain blood vessel leaks blood inside the brain.
• Subarachnoid hemorrhaging happens when bleeding brain membranes leak into the fluid-filled areas surrounding the brain. Subarachnoid bleeding can be caused by several factors, including Aneurysmal SAH, Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), and acute trauma.

Warning Signs & Symptoms of Strokes

The severity of the physical damage caused by a stroke depends on how much blood flow was restricted and for how long. Some visible and noticeable consequences of impaired brain function are:

• Paralysis of the limbs
• Loss of vision or hearing
• Problems with speaking
• Unable to walk properly
• Dizziness

For most people, the symptoms of a stroke typically start without prior warning and can last from just a few seconds to a few minutes. Fortunately, patients recover quickly without further damage or issues, but this is not the case for many. The symptoms and warning signs often depend on which brain area gets affected. Severe strokes affect more significant regions in the brain; thus, more physical functions are likely lost and can result in orthopedic injuries to knees, hips, hands, or shoulders due to falls.

Currently, the only traditional treatments of ischemic strokes require restoration of proper blood flow back into the affected area by using a mechanical device or thrombolytics that physically removes any brain clots. The use of thrombolytics is very beneficial if introduced a few hours after the patient displays chronic stroke symptoms but not very useful the longer a patient waits. This means that only a few stroke patients can take advantage of this therapy due to the timing requirements.

Risk Factors for Strokes

Several factors can increase or reduce a person’s risk of getting strokes. Some controllable risk factors for strokes include:

• Lack of exercise
• Being overweight or obese
• Alcohol abuse
• Ischemic brain injury
• Cigarette smoking & secondhand smoke
• Use of drugs or unprescribed medications
• Adverse reaction to Hormones or hormone replacement

Other medical-related risk factors include:

• Chronic Hypertension
• Autoimmune antibody-mediated central nervous system
• Heart disease, previous heart attacks, heart infections, or cardiac arrhythmia
• Diabetes
• Expressive aphasia
• Lung disease
• High cholesterol
• Obstructive sleep apnea related to brain fog and fatigue

Women and Cryptogenic Strokes

Brain stroke kills twice as many women per year as breast cancer. Strokes are currently the third leading cause of death for women across the world. For this reason, women should take the necessary steps by understanding the factors and making changes to reduce overall risk factors.

Some female-specific risk factors for having brain strokes include:

• Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
• Taking hormone contraceptives
• Started Menopause before the age of forty-five
• Started Menstruation before the age of ten
• Low levels dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEAS) a hormone
• They are having other health problems, including migraines, UC, Fibromyalgia, or lupus. A history of having complications during pregnancy also indicates the women might be at a higher stroke risk. These complications can include hypertension and gestational diabetes during or after pregnancy.

Stroke Diagnosis

To diagnose a stroke, a physician usually examines the patient’s pulse and breathing patterns. Among other things, blood pressure, frequency of heartbeat, and blood sugar are measured. The person affected and the relatives or relatives of the patient are asked about the history of the stroke patient, symptoms, and risk factors. It is beneficial if the date of the first occurrence is known. A Physical examination can detect paralysis, impaired consciousness, speech ability, speech comprehension, and emotional disorders. Unconscious patients may receive oxygen treatment via a tube in the trachea ( intubation ) along with IV bags for fluid and medications to be delivered by a hospital’s stroke unit.

Are strokes hereditary?

At the hospital, nerve function tests can help provide clues as to which parts of the brain are affected by the stroke and how severe the damage is. Blood collection and testing provide information on, among other things, blood counts, blood clotting, inflammatory parameters, and risk factors such as elevated cholesterol or blood glucose levels. The medical team can then use imaging techniques such as CT Scan (computed tomography) or MRI scan (magnetic resonance tomography) to scrutinize the patient’s brain. The radiology scans are beneficial in diagnosing if the patient has an ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke present and detect circulatory disorders or existing cerebral hemorrhages. In addition, the cerebral vessels can also be visualized by a CT angiography to detect blockages.

Other tests used to check the cause of the stroke and brain vessels affected by arteriosclerosis, narrowing, or thrombosis include ultrasound or duplex sonogram. Carotid arteries are also checked for permeability and can be visualized using a contrast medium on a CT or MRI scan. An electrocardiogram (ECG) is used to detect cardiac arrhythmias.

Stem Cell Therapy for Brain Strokes

Stroke treatment depends on what type of stroke it is and what the underlying cause is. For ischemic & cryptogenic strokes, doctors need to act quickly to restore blood flow to the brain and avoid further brain damage.

Stem Cell Therapy for Ischemic Strokes

Some medications for ischemic strokes can be used to try to break the clots inside the veins and must be given a few hours after a stroke.

• IV (Intravenous injections) of alteplase or tPA (tissue plasminogen activator) can be delivered through veins in the arm. These stroke medications can help restore proper blood flow by dissolving any blood clots and help patients recover faster
• Alteplase injections— Some patients with brain bleeding might not be good candidates for tPA or alteplase injections.
• Doctors can also perform an intra-arterial thrombolysis procedure using a catheter, send it to the brain area, and deliver the tissue plasminogen activator directly into the field of the stroke.
• A brain clot can also be removed using a stent retriever and is particularly beneficial for patients with large clots that don’t respond well to tPA.
• Endovascular therapy uses microcatheters inserted into the blood clot from the groin or the arms.
• Carotid endarterectomy surgery can help remove plaque from arteries. In the procedure, a surgeon makes a tiny incision in the front of the neck to expose the carotid artery, removes any plaque blocking it, and then closes it using a skin graft. Carotid endarterectomies can help reduce the risk of additional ischemic strokes but are risky for some patients, especially those with heart disease or other conditions like rheumatoid arthritis.
• Stents and angioplasty surgery also use the carotid arteries. A balloon device is inserted into the carotid and then inflated to help expand the narrowed artery or support the vessels.

Stem Cell Treatment for Hemorrhagic Strokes

The goal of hemorrhagic stroke treatment is to control/stop the bleeding and reduce any extra pressure on the brain. Medications for Hemorrhagic strokes include warfarin (Jantoven, Coumadin) and anti-platelet medications such as Plavix (clopidogrel) to help prevent blood clots. Note that anti-clotting medications and some blood thinners can conflict with stem cell therapy. Other medicines for Hemorrhagic strokes are used to lower intracranial pressure, lower blood pressure, prevent seizures, or prevent vasospasm.

• Surgical blood vessel repair can also be used to treat blood vessel abnormalities caused by hemorrhagic strokes. This procedure is done after an aneurysm, stroke, arteriovenous malformation (AVM), or any other types of vascular malformations that are caused by hemorrhagic stroke.
• Surgical clippings are tiny clamps placed at the bottom of the aneurysm to try to stop blood from flowing into it. These clamps also keep the aneurysm from re-bleeding or bursting.
• Endovascular embolization, or “Coiling,” can be done via a catheter to fill the aneurysm. This blocks any blood flow to the aneurysm and helps the blood to clot as it usually does. Surgical AVM removal can be used to reduce any risk of rupture and also lower the risk of having another hemorrhagic stroke due to the risks associated with AVM removal surgery. Highly focused radiation, or Stereotactic radiosurgery, is a minimally invasive treatment to repair vascular malformations.

Stroke Stem Cell Therapy After Cerebral Ischemia

Stem Cell Treatment for Rapid Stroke Recovery

Stem cell treatment for Brain Strokes offers a compelling alternative medical treatment to target and repair the brain tissue damage to try and recover lost functions along with measurable neurological improvements.^[2] Neural Stem cell therapy has shown promising results for cases with ischemic stroke. Intravascular cell therapy also offers potential adjunct to mechanical thrombectomy or thrombolysis in ischemic strokes

Traditional treatments for stroke patients can only manage the symptoms but cannot do much to try to repair the damaged tissue or replace the dead cells. Exosome therapy using astrocytes and neural stem cell growth factors helps target the underlying cause of the patient’s injury and not just mask the symptoms. Neural stem cell transplants are safe and painless to inject and have been shown to survive transplantation and begin differentiating into neuronal cells and new functional neurons in the brain tissue. In addition to replacing damaged cells, replacement therapy to bypass the blood-brain barrier can induce endogenous neural precursors that help boost the brain’s structural neuroplasticity and regulate pro-inflammatory cytokines and the neuronal apoptotic death process. To learn about stem cells and brain-friendly diets.

Can stem cells help stroke victims?

Damage to the brain usually occurs when the proper flow of oxygen and blood is stopped or blocked for some time. Getting immediate medical intervention is critical to restore the brain tissue’s average blood and oxygen circulation and avoid long-term damage. We typically recommend having active treatments like human neural stem cell replacement as quickly as possible following a stroke to prevent the chances of lesions forming, which lead to scar tissue that cannot be repaired after a certain length of time, causing permanent paralysis with peripheral neuropathic pain in ischemic stroke patients.

Improvements after Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Stroke

Neural stem cell therapy uses the paracrine cell signaling method to target the damaged part of the brain’s neural circuitry that controls motor functions. The cells are first enhanced in our stem cell lab and then injected intravenously via a proprietary stem cell nebulizer treatment to deliver cells near the motor neuron tracts close to the lesions to promote regeneration and repair through the section of Cytokines and nerve growth factors. The benefits are gradual; however, most patients show immediate improvements after the first or second infusions and continue to show improvement 3-6 months post-therapy. The results are permanent but will require consistent physical and speech rehabilitation after treatment to allow the brain to return to proper function, especially for cases with cerebral hemorrhaging and cerebral infarction.^[3]

Other noticeable improvements after mesenchymal  stem cell therapy for strokes include:

• Improved physical coordination and posture
• Improved speech with decreased symptoms of facial palsy
• Improved lower body movements and reduction of movement-related disorders
• Ability to stand unassisted
• Improved hand-eye coordination with improvements in fine motor skills, especially with hands, fingers, and toes
• Increase in overall muscle strength
• Reduce symptoms of brain damage and regenerate damaged brain cells
• Improvements in overall cardiovascular health & blood circulation
• Reduction in muscle tension
• Improved sensations in the face and limbs

Mesenchymal stromal cells and isolated glial cells offer a breakthrough technology but have limitations. Based on research and experiences, the most successful patient recoveries happen for patients who start intervention treatment with pluripotent stem cells very early after the incident. Lack of oxygen to the brain tissue can cause rapid damage and failure to other vital organs.^[4] Suppose you or a loved one are unable to get stem cell therapy quickly after a stroke. In that case, we recommend daily use of hyperbaric oxygen chambers, External counterpulsation therapy (ECP), pulsed electromagnetic therapy (PEMFT) to areas on the back of the patient’s head, neural growth factors, nutritional IV injections, and periodic acceleration therapy.

Can Stem Cell Therapy Cure Paralysis after a Stroke?

Brain stroke can lead to severe brain tissue damage, resulting in permanent paralysis for some patients. Neural stem cell therapy for strokes has limitations but offers a viable potential cure for paralysis caused by brain infarction. There is clinical trial evidence that has shown neurogenic endogenous stem cells & multipotent adult progenitor cells transplanted into the brain can initiate repair and repair-related events reaching peak levels, suggesting that exogenous cell therapies can indeed regenerate damaged brain tissue and help to promote functional recovery for some stroke patients.

Neural Stem Cell Therapy to Regenerate Neurons

Pluripotent stem cell therapies offer a promising way to regenerate neurons damaged by a brain stroke. Stem cell research has shown that isolated and expanded UC-MSC+ cells rapidly promote functional recovery in stroke patients by reducing the severity of brain damage after infarction. These cultured stem cells release growth factors that promote the development of new blood vessels (angiogenesis), reduce systemic inflammation, and help regenerate damaged brain tissue.

Stroke Cell Therapy Overview

A Stem cell-based stroke protocol offers excellent potential to restore physical functions after stroke. Human neural stem cell transplantation can replace damaged or dead neurons and promote neurogenesis by modulating inflammation, axonal plasticity, remyelination, and angiogenesis, providing neuroprotection for existing cells. The enhanced brain stem cell protocol for treating neurological conditions such as SMA, Traumatic brain injuries, Parkinson’s, ALS, Motor Neuron Disease, and ataxia have been optimized for therapeutic benefits and minimize risks associated with stem cell treatments. The strength and scope of any treatment will depend primarily on the patient current physical needs. The Regen Center Stroke treatment protocol is offered as an outpatient procedure but will require 10 – 17 days in Bangkok.

Physical & Speech Rehab After Stem Cells

Physical and Speech Rehabilitation is highly recommended after a stroke treatment and can be provided at a local hotel facility upon request. We can also assist you in finding certified physical or speech rehabilitation with an accredited therapist in your home country, depending on where you live. Medical visas and accommodations for an extended stay at serviced apartments are provided upon request.

Stroke Treatment Guidelines for 2025

Due to varying severity, our medical team must review the patient’s medical records and diagnostic imaging results. Once the medical review is complete, we can determine whether the patient is a good candidate and provide a fixed cost for the treatment. To help us make an accurate assessment and provide a detailed treatment plan, our medical staff will need to review the recent medical records, including any imaging results from Brain radiology scans. (Test Results less than three months old are required for treatment evaluation)

To begin the medical evaluation for our multi-stage stroke treatment, please contact us today.

Published Clinical Citations

[1] ^ Bandasak, Ratanaporn, Kulaya Narksawat, Chanpong Tangkanakul, Yotin Chinvarun, and Sukhontha Siri. 2011. Association between hypertension and stroke among young Thai adults in Bangkok, Thailand. The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health, no. 5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22299451

[2] ^ Nilanont, Yongchai, Samart Nidhinandana, Nijasri C Suwanwela, Suchat Hanchaiphiboolkul, Taksin Pimpak, Pyatat Tatsanavivat, Gustavo Saposnik, and Niphon Poungvarin. 2013. Quality of acute ischemic stroke care in Thailand: a prospective multicenter countrywide cohort study. Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association, no. 2 (January 8). doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2012.12.001. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23305673

[3] ^ Dharmasaroja, Permphan. 2008. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia, no. 1 (November 18). doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2008.05.006. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19017556

[4] ^ Hao, Lei, Zhongmin Zou, Hong Tian, Yubo Zhang, Huchuan Zhou, and Lei Liu. 2014. Stem cell-based therapies for ischemic stroke. BioMed research international (February 26). doi:10.1155/2014/468748. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24719869